Source #3

For my research I am now exploring different types of sound, mainly diegetic and non-diegetic and their effect on the film and audience. I found the article "Fundamental Aesthetics of Sound in Cinema" which Bordwell co-wrote with Kristin Thompson. This article summarizes all of the techniques used to improve a movie's sound and message through music, including loudness, timbre, pitch, rhythm, the actual selection and combination of sounds, fidelity, space, and time. Two of which interested me the most is diegetic and non-diegetic sound. Diegetic sound is sound that both the audience and people on screen hear, while non-diegetic sound is sound which only the audience hears. The article states that displaced diegetic sound recalls an earlier scene by repeating the same sounds in that scene but still staying in the present scene. This type of repetition is seen a couple times in the movie "The Great Lie" which I am analyzing in my essay. I have never thought of the repeating of music as a way to recall earlier scenes, but now because of this article I will explore that. Sound can also either clarify, contradict, or render scenes ambiguous, but it always has an active relationship with the images. This is interesting because in one scene the diegetic sound directly contradicts to a tense scene between two characters, and of course the director chose that music on purpose. 

This is a new type of article for me in my external research because it is not a scientific study, but it is very reliable because Bordwell co-wrote it, and he has written many articles and books on movies and the melodrama. This source is a helpful introduction to researching more about different types of sound and what that does for the film, not just the audience, and how it enhances it.